Maths

How To Perform The Delta-Delta Ct Method

What is the delta-delta Ct method? The delta-delta Ct method, also known as the 2-∆∆Ct method, is a simple formula used in order to calculate...

How To Calculate DNA Copy Number For qPCR

In this article, I will show you how to calculate the DNA copy number for qPCR, by using the known amount and length of...

What Is And How To Calculate Cohen’s d?

What is Cohen's d? Cohen's d is a type of effect size between two means. An effect size is a quantitative measure of the magnitude for...

Cohen’s d Calculator: A Quick And Easy Method

Below is the Cohen's d calculator. Simply enter the groups mean and standard deviation values into the calculator, click the calculate button and Cohen's...

How To Analyse qPCR Results With Multiple Reference Genes

A question that I often come across for those who are calculating relative gene expression values in qPCR is, how to go about using...

What Is A Z-Score And How To Calculate Them?

What is a Z-score? A Z-score, also known as a standard score, represents the number of standard deviations (SDs) a data point is away from...
Hardy-Weinberg equation featured image

The Hardy-Weinberg Equations And How To Use Them

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle? The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also referred to as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, is a set of 5 assumptions which when satisfied can...

How To Use The Standard Error Formula

In this guide I will explain what the standard error formula is and how to use it to work out the standard error through...

How To Calculate The Coefficient Of Variation (CV)

What is the coefficient of variation? The coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of precision from repeated measures. Within the lab, it is mainly...

How To Calculate PCR Primer Efficiencies

Why bother with PCR primer efficiencies? Every time you receive a new set of primers, especially when using SYBR Green chemistry during quantitative polymerase chain...