PCR

Find guides, protocols and helpful tips when performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

How To Perform The Delta-Delta Ct Method

What is the delta-delta Ct method? The delta-delta Ct method, also known as the 2-∆∆Ct method, is a simple formula used in order to calculate...

qPCR Primer Efficiency Calculator

Below is a PCR primer efficiency calculator. All that is needed for the calculator is the slope of the standard curve during the serial...

How To Calculate DNA Copy Number For qPCR

In this article, I will show you how to calculate the DNA copy number for qPCR, by using the known amount and length of...

How To Calculate PCR Primer Efficiencies

Why bother with PCR primer efficiencies? Every time you receive a new set of primers, especially when using SYBR Green chemistry during quantitative polymerase chain...

How To Analyse qPCR Results With Multiple Reference Genes

A question that I often come across for those who are calculating relative gene expression values in qPCR is, how to go about using...

How To Make TBE Buffer

About TBE buffer TBE buffer, named so because of the three ingredients of Tris base, Boric acid and EDTA, is a solution commonly used as...
qPCR amplification plot annotated

What Is A Cycle Threshold (Ct) Value In qPCR?

In this article, I will explain what is meant by a Ct value in quantification (real-time) PCR (qPCR). I will also discuss the difference...
Random primers, oligo(dT) and gene-specific primers for cDNA synthesis

Random Primers Or Oligo(dT) Primers For cDNA Synthesis?

Having extracted and assessed the total RNA from your samples, you now have the task of creating the first strand complementary DNA (cDNA). Sounds...
Agarose gel

Reasons Why Your PCR Reaction Does Not Work

We have all been there. You have been performing PCRs perfectly for weeks/months on end but now, for some bizarre reason, you see …...
Qubit vs Nanodrop featured image

Qubit vs Nanodrop: Which Is Better?

When it comes to quantifying nucleic acids, there are two preferred main platforms: the Qubit and the Nanodrop. Both work slightly differently and have...